Classification of Indian Soil , 8 types of soil in India
Here, eight types of soils found in India, distribution of Indian soils and examination related to their characteristics, useful information is provided.
The Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) has divided the Indian soils into 8 major parts and 27 sub-parts or types.
Eight Types of Indian Soil
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8 types of soils found in India and their characteristics and locations
- Alluvial soil
- Black soil
- Red and yellow soil
- Laterite soil
- Forest and mountain soil
- Dry and desert soil
- Saline and alkaline soil
- Marshy and peat soil
Eight Types of Indian Soil
1.Alluvial soil
Salient features and site of alluvial soil
Alluvial soil is also known as loam soil and tremor soil.
Alluvial soil is the soil found in most area of India.
It is found on about 22% of the area of India.
These soils are formed by the debris deposited in their passage through rivers.
Alluvial soil lacks phosphorus nitrogen and humus, and is dominated by potash and lime.
Alluvial soil is considered very fertile, and the soil is of a neutral nature, ie its pH value is close to 7.
Bangar and Khadar are the major subdivisions of the alluvial soil.
Bangar --- is called old alluvial soil while Khadar is called new alluvial soil.
Alluvial soil extends from the Sutlej River in the west to the Brahmaputra River valley in the northern plains of India.
2. Black soil
Black soil is also known as Regur soil.
Black soil is formed by basalt rocks,
This soil is dominated by elements like iron, carbon, magnesium, aluminum,
The black color of the black soil is due to titaniferous magnetite and fossils [also called humus],
Organic matter predominates in black soil,
Black soil is considered to be the most suitable for cotton cultivation, for this reason it is also known as black cotton soil.
Water holding capacity [water holding capacity] is the blackest soil.
Black soil zones in India -
Black soil is found prominently in Gujarat, Maharashtra, western part of Madhya Pradesh, southern region of Odisha, northern region of Karnataka, northern region of Tamil Nadu.
3. Red and yellow soil
These soils are formed as a result of climate changes,
Red clay is mainly rich in silica and iron.
The red color of red clay is due to the presence of iron oxide
Red yellow soil fertility is very low.
It is a soil of acidic tendency. By adding lime to it, its fertility can be increased to some extent.
Acquisition Site of Red Yellow Soil in India-
The eastern part of Madhya Pradesh, the plateau region of Chota Nagpur, the northern western region of West Bengal, the Gaura Khasi Jayantia hill region of Meghalaya mainly in the northern eastern states, the area near the Aravalli range of Rajasthan and the red yellow in some parts of Karnataka Soil is mainly found.
4. Laterite soil
These soils are formed as a result of gradual change in humidity and dryness of monsoon climate.
Laterite soil is rich in iron and silica.
Among the major crops grown in laterite soil, - Caju cardamom, coffee etc. crops are the main crops.
Laterite soil has three types -
- Deep red laterite
- White laterite and
- Underground laterite
White laterite soil is the least fertile, it is also known as Kaolin,
Laterite soil in India - is found predominantly in Karnataka, Kerala, as well as in the eastern region of Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Madhya Pradesh and in the hilly regions of Assam,
5. Forest and mountain soil
These soils are mainly found in the mountainous parts.
In these soils, organic matter and bacteria are found in abundance.
This soil is acidic.
Forest and hill soils in India are found prominently in the Himalayan parts of Jammu-Kashmir, Uttarakhand, Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh etc.
6.Dry and desert soil
Its desert soil is predominantly found in areas where average rainfall is 50 cm or less.
These soils are deficient in nutrients, nitrogen phosphorus organic matter is not found in them.
Dry and desert soil is found in India or mainly in Rajasthan, South Western Punjab, South West Haryana.
7. Saline and alkaline soil
Saline and alkaline soil are also known as Usar soil / Bhur soil / Kallar / Rathd etc.
Construction of these soils is predominantly in dry and poorly drained areas where water logging problem is more prominent.
Saline and alkaline soils are found mainly in the arid regions of the states of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Haryana, Punjab and Maharashtra in India,
The construction of these soils has also increased due to more irrigation through canals.
8. Marshy and peat soil
Bio-substances are found in maximum quantity in these soils.
They are constructed in water logging and anaerobic situation.
The marshy soils are mainly found in the coastal areas of Odisha, West Bengal and Tamil Nadu.
The vegetation found in these soils in the coastal areas is called mangrove vegetation.
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